11.1 Time Studies

Definition

A method for determining the STANDARD TIME required by an AVERAGE, FULLY-QUALIFIED, and WELL-TRAINED operator working at a NORMAL PACE to complete a task.

Purpose

Establish a fair day's work
Production Planning
Labor Planning
Comparison of Machine and Method Effectiveness
Health and Safety

Time Study History and Requirements

Description

History

Founder: Frederick W. Taylor

As part of "Scientific Management"

Requirements

Trained Time Study Person
Timer
Trained Worker
(Video Camera or Motion Pictures)

Procedure of a Time Study

Description

1. Effectively communicate with management, supervisors, workers, union, etc...

Human Factors

2. Make sufficient analysis and records of the work methods/materials.

Description

3. Analyze the job and break it down into its elements (Therbligs)

Ascertain that all elements being performed are necessary (motion study)

This is why time studies rely on motion studies

4. Select Suitable Operator

Description

Note

Description

5. Record elapsed elemental time values

Observe, recording, and measuring takes time.

6. Observe an adequate number of cycles

Description

7. Performance Rating of the Operator

The Westinghouse system

Skill
Effort
Conditioin
Consistency

8. Assigning appropriate allowance factor (10-35%)

Personal, Fatigue

9. Calculate normal time and standard time

1. Mean time = observed
2. Performance rating = (westinghouse factors added up + 1)
3. Normal Time = Mean Time*Performance Rating
4. Allowance Factor = assigned
5. Standard Time = Normal Time*(1+Allowance Factor)

Standard Time = MeanTime*(1+WestinghouseFactors(+))*(1+AllowanceFactor) = T*W*A