Damage a structure in the brain, and see what happens as a result.

Used to measure electrical activity - measures electrical potentials on scalp. You just put on a helmet thingy. Very high temporal resolution - but very low spatial resolution (limited to neurons close to scalp and same orientation).

Uses X-Rays to provide good spacial resolution on brain structure, but gives no insight on brain activity.

Measures neuronal activity by measuring blood oxygenation

High spatial resolution, low temporal resolution (signal peaks after 4-6 secs)

Non-invasive, but expensive

Same as fMRI, except more invasive (radioactive tracers injected).

NO TEMPORAL RESOLUTION!

fMRI much better..

Temporarily excite or inhibit groups groups of neurons close to scalp.

But unclear how it works and can cause epileptic seizures

Spacial (image quality) vs. temporal (time of occurence) resolution

Very high temporal and spatial resolution

However, requires you to insert electrodes on brain - very invasive and rarely possible