Chapter 8: Nationalism and Economic Development
The Era of Good Feelings
  • Viewed as a period of nationalism and optimism
  • In reality, many tensions, factions, debates, etc.

 

James Monroe
  •   His election saw the end of Federalism
  • No organized political opposition
  • Supported growing nationalism
  • Known for acquisition of Florida, Missouri Compromise, Monroe Doctrine
Nationalism
Cultural Nationalism
  • Excitement about expanding nation
  • Belief in era of prosperity
  • Patriotism found in every aspect of society (art, literature, etc.)
Economic Nationalism
  • The Tariff of 1816 - protective tariff
  • The American System 
1. Protective tariffs
2. National bank
3. Internal improvements
  • The Panic of 1819 - unemployment, bankruptcies - shook nationalism       
Marshall's Supreme Court
  • Marshall - remaining Federalist influence (favored federal gov.)
  • Marbury v. Madison - judicial review
  • Fletcher v. Peck - first time a state law declared unconstitutional
  • Martin v. Hunter's Lease - Supreme court has jurisdiction over state courts in cases involving constitutional rights
  • Dartmouth College v. Woodward - State law declared unconstitutional
  • McCulloch v. Maryland - Federal had the implied power to create a national bank under the Constitution
  • Cohens v. Virginia - Supreme Court could review a state court's decision regarding federal powers
  • Gibbons v. Ogden - Federal government's control of interstate commerce
Western Movement
Causes:
  • Acquisition of Native American land
  • Economic pressures
  • Improved transportation
  • Immigrants
The Missouri Compromise
  • Issue of balance of free states and slave states
  • Clay proposed:
1. Missouri = slave state
2. Maine = free state
3. Territory north of 36' 30 - slavery prohibited
  • "Band-aid" solution 
The Monroe Doctrine
  • Stated that the United States was opposed to European intervention in Western Hemisphere affairs
Economy

Period of population growth

  • U.S. population doubled
  • Nonwhite population grew
  • Urban areas growing rapidly

 

Transportation

  • Roads - Ex. National Road
  • Canals - Ex. Erie Canal
  • Steamboats
  • Railroads

 

Growth of Industry

  • Mechanical inventions - Ex. cotton gin
  • Rise of corporations
  • Factory system  - growth of financial businesses
  • Labor (including child labor)
  • Unions
Commercial Agriculture
  • Farming - commercial enterprise rather than subsistence for family
  • Large plots of land available
  • Railroads etc. allowed for expansion of markets
  • Cotton - important industry in the South
Women
  • Seeking employment - limited to teaching/domestic service
  • Marriage meant duties at home
  • Mostly single women in factories
  • More control over their lives
Slavery
  • Many believed war could be avoided - quiet end of slavery
  • The rapid growth of the cotton industry ended these hopes
  • Missouri Compromise - foreshadowed Civil War
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