Mesothelioma 
Carcinoma of the bronchus

Emphysema (Familial or acquired); increased alveolar space size & reduced elastic recoil
Bronchiectasis; abnormal bronchi/bronchiole dilation > recurrent coughs & mucous production
Chronic Bronchitis & Bronchiolitis; airway narrowing, mucous hypersecretion & airway inflammation

Bronchial atresia; narrowing of bronchus
Hypoplasia of the lung; smaller than normal lung
Bronchogenic cyst; mucous/pus filled cavity
Bronchopulmonary sequestration; non-communication portion of lung
Kartagener's syndrome; defective/immotile cilia functioning
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome; surfactant production deficit > alveoli collapse > atelectasis
Cystic fibrosis; abnormal viscous mucous production > unable to clear sufficiently > recurrent infections > bronchiectasis, haemoptysis, hyperinflation & pneumothorax > scarring, necrosis > pulmonary hypertension & cor pulmonale

Organic; 
- Byssinosis (cotton protein)
- Bagassosis (sugar cane refuse)
- Farmers' lung (mouldy hay)
- Suberosis (cork dust)
Inorganic;
- Anthracosis (carbon)
- Silicosis (silica)
- Silicoanthracosis (carbon & silica)
- Berylliosis (beryllium)
- Silicosiderosis (silica & iron)
- Asbestosis (asbestos = mesothelioma)

Chronic Venous Congestion; reduced left ventricular output > alveolar damage/rupture, necrosis, haemorrhage & fibrosis > brown induration
Pulmonary oedema; Congestive heart failure, infections, gas inhalation, radiation > dyspnoea, hypostatic pneumonia 
Pulmonary embolism; dyspnoea, tachycardia, shock > infarction "Saddle embolism"
Pulmonary infarction; at risk elderly/post-op/pt. with heart failure > thromboemboli > dyspnoea/scarring/death

Lobar pneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Viral/Fungal infections
Tuberculosis; chronic granulomatous inflammation > tubercle formation (detected with Ziehl-Neelson stain test)
Sarcoidosis; ideopathic, non-casseating granulomatous inflammation, females > males
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome; alveolar damage & inflammation > necrosis, recovery and/or fibrosis