Lecture 1
Immune RXN within CNS
Caused by:
Injury, disease, CNS infection
Peripheral Immune Rnx communicated to CNS
Fever and sickness behavior
CNS communication to immune system
Stress
Neuroinflammation
Acute inflammatory reaction in brain mediated by cytokines, chemokines, and oxidative stress

3 types:
Encephalitis
Breakdown of BBB:
- T-cell infiltration
- Neurodegeneration
- Ex: CNS infection, Neurotrauma
Neurodegenrative diseases
Chronic inflammation within brain
- Protein aggregation
- Impaired signaling
- Ex: MS, PD, MS
Sickness Behavior
Short-lived inflammation in brain mediated by cytokines
which cause behavioral changes:
- Fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, decreased social interaction      
- NO PROBLEM WITH BBB
- No neurodegeneration
- No chronic inflammation
Signals
Cytokines and activated immune cells
- IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a
- All inflammatory
Signals
Two pathways:
1) HPA axis:
- CRH --> ACTH --> GCs

2) Autonomic NTs (SAM)
- Hardwired axons that innervate immune organs
Cell Types:
There are many immune cell types:
1) CNS immune cells
2) Peripheral immune cells

And subclasses:
1) APCs
2) Lymph Organs
3) BM-derived
Peripheral Immune Cells
Cells that reside outside the CNS
          Blood-derived
Lymphoid progenitor:
- NK cells

Myeloid Derived:
- Neutrophil
- Mast Cell
- Monocyte


Lymph Organ Derived (BM, Thymus, Spleen)     
Lymphoid progenitor (Thymus):
- CD4/CD8 T-cell
APC
Myeloid Progenitor:
- Macrophage
- Dendritic Cell

Lymphoid Proginitor (BM):
- B-cell
CNS cells
Immune cells in the CNS
APC
Myeloid Progenitor:
- Microglia
- CNS Macrophage
Macroglia
Neural Progenitors:
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes
- Schwann Cells (Peripheral NS)
Other:
Neural progenitor:
- Neurons

Other:
- Endothelial Cells
Shared Cells:
Innate Immune System:
- Mast Cell
- Dendritic Cell
- Macrophage

Adaptive Immune System:
- Dendritic Cell (APC)
- Macrophage (APC)
CNS only:
Innate immune system:
- Astrocytes
- Microglia

Adaptive Immune System:
- Microglia (APC)
Peripheral Only:
Innate Immune:
- NK
- Neutrophil
- Monocyte

Adaptive Immune:
- CD4/CD8 T-cell
- B-cell
- Plasma Cell
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