Peripheral Immune Cellular Components
Neutrophils
Functions
1) Anti-microbial
2) First line of defense
3) Inflammatory Recruitment
Regulations
How are neutrophils regulated?
Immune surveillance
Check peripheral blood for pathogens
Act as first line of defense
Short-lived, destructive response
Inflammatory Recruitment
Extravasation - cause movement of immune cells out of bloodstream and into tissue
Phagocytosis
Eat & degrade pathogens via lysozyme and other enzymes
Respiratory Burst
Release inflammatory and destructive enzymes
- very harmful to CNS
BBB
BBB keeps neutrophils confined to VRS in brain
Entry in CNS
Very "sluggish"
T-Cells
Immune Surveillance
Surveil the secondary lymphoid organs
Cycle in/out CNS (CVOs)
Communicate signals to CNS
Labeling
CD4, CD3, CD2, TCR
Regulation
Confined to VRS when crossing the BBB
T-cell entry regulated by adhesion molecules
Other functions
1) Inflammatory modulation
2) Adhesion Molecule expression
3) Effector Function - Th1, Th2
4) Immunological memory
Helper T-cell
Cytotoxic T cell
Job
Activate Th2 respose - antibody production from B cells
Job
Activate inflammatory Th1 response - send out inflammatory cytokines and activate macrophages for phagocytosis
Components Required
MHCII APC - TCR interaction
CD4
CD40
IL4 release onto IL4R on B-cell
Components Required
MHC II-TCR interaction
CD4
CD40
IFN-y release onto macrophage receptor to activate macrophage
Cytokines involved
IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-B
Effects
Humoral immunity
B-cell Antibody production
Extracellular pathogen
Vaccination
Allergies
Cytokines involved
IL-1B, IFN-y, IL-10
Effects
Cell-mediated immunity
Intracellular Pathogen
Auto-immunity (e.g. MS)
Job
CTL-mediated killing
1) CD8 T-cell receives antigen via APC and then releases IL-2 autorcrine to activate/"arm" itself into an "armed" CD8 T-cell
2) Find the antigen on an MHC I and kills the cell that is presenting it using TNF-a and Fas-L
Components required
MHC I-TCR interaction
CD28
CD8
FAS-L
CTL-mediated Killing
Immune cells
