Use centrifuges to separate DNA from rest of the cell
Stage C: PCR Preparation and Execution
Using "Polymerase Chain Reaction" to take the one sample of DNA and replicate in many times to be able to see the sample with the naked eye.
Use "Master Mix"
Contains Polymerase and used to only replicate a part of the genome, not the whole DNA
Stage D: Preparation of Gel for Electrophoresis
Use agarose (type of sugar) to create the gel that the DNA solution will be moving through.
Thermal Cycling
Denature the polymerase by heating up the mix, then cool it, and then heat, etc. adhering, replication, denaturing over and over again. This allows polymerase to perform at optimal levels
Purpose of Lab
To distinguish the sizes of different individual's DNA based off of the number of base pairs in their gene for a specific trait.
To separate DNA strands by size/length.
Stage E: Preparation, Initiation, and Completion of Electrophoresis
DNA is charged particle because of the phosphate groups. DNA will experience force when in the electric field set up in this stage, which is why they move through the gel.
Size vs. Speed
Larger the DNA molecule, the slower it will go. We separate out big pieces of DNA from little ones by seeing how fast they are moving along the gel
Stage F: Staining
We can't see the separated DNA, so we use dye to be able to see the strands of DNA.
The Ladder
The ladder is a tool used for comparison. We compare the results of Electrophoresis with the ladder with known base pair sizes to determine the approximate size of the DNA sample strand.
Stage G: Photodocumentation
We still can't see the DNA with naked eye, so we use UV light to take photos of our results.
Lithinium Bromide
The buffer used to change the color of the DNA by sticking to the DNA.
Camera
This will take a picture of the gel.
Analyzing the results
Shows the type of gene you have.
Homozygous Gene
There is only one size of DNA. This means that you were given the same gene from both parents.
Heterozygous Gene
Two different sizes of strands. This means that you were given two different genes from your parents.