Polymorphisms is just some variance in the DNA sequence (>1%). Mutations are very rare alterations in the DNA (<1% have it), while 

Description

DNA must be extracted from the cell and the gene of interest must be isolated.

Description

Protein Error
Occurs in Genes Stage
Deal with content in DNA, mutations
Mutations usually cause disease

Regulation error
Occurs in Transcription

Basic Flaws in Information - a "defective" protein is produced

Change in Information - a "defective" protein is produced

Over/Under Regulation - too much or too little of a particular protein is being produced - variations

Several Different Types of Base Sequence Code Changes.
- All framing errors do not necessarily destroy a protein structure - this is the beauty of a redundant coding scheme.

Inserting a single base can completely change the framing" of sequence data

Deleting a single base can completely change the "framing" of sequence data.

Add the DNA to the following in a test tube:
DNA Polymerase
Short Oligonucleotide Primers
Four Bases ; AGCT
Cofactor MgCl2

One base pair is switched with a wrong base pair.
EX: PTC Gene bitter taste. vs no taste

- Technology to identif genetic polymorphisms
-Known gene sequences utilized - diagnosis not discovery
-amplification of DNA segments required for detection (PCR)
- DNA segments separaed by size (electrophoresis)
- Base pair resolution (low, medium, high) for particular application drives technology

Description

1. Heat to separate the strands
2. Oligonucleotide Primers to locate the gene and isolate them from the rest of the DNA
3. Copy the Gene using DNA Polymerase and deoxynucleotides

Primers used toidentify where the PCR should take place so the whole DNA isn't copied

To detect Genotypic Errors