Perception
Visual Perception
Process and product of interpreting what we see
Bottom Up Processing
Raw materials collected from the eyes to senses to perception
Top Down Processing
Start with experience and desires and what we think should be there, which leads to perception
Knowledge
Experience and desires creates knowledge base
Experience
What you experience
Stimulus World
Environmental factors
The Senses
Things taken in from the five senses
Gestalt Principles
For perceptual grouping
- Grouping/Proximity
- Similarity
- Continuity
- Closure
- Orientation
- Simplicity
Examples
Illusions
Incorrect Perceptions
- Seeing things that are not really there
- Not bad; they are mistakes/errors in our perception
- Useful sometimes
- Ex: Traffic circle - draw lines on road to slow down traffic because it looks like you are going faster than you are actually going
Depth Perceptions
How 2D images become 3D perception
- Dept cues inform us as to haw far away things are.
Observer Oriented Cues
- Bottom Up Cues
- Effective for judging distance, sight, speed
Accommodation
- Changing shape of the lens
- Gives brain signal that eye is focusing on something near or far
Convergence
- Amount of inwardedness of eyes (cross-eyedness)
Binocular Disparity
- Stereopsis
- Difference of the retinal images in the two eyes
Pictoral Cues
- Object Centered Cues
Linear Perspective
- Two converging lines we assume are parallel and receding in depth
Interposition
- contours of one object obscure the contours of another, we assume the obscured object is more distant
Note
Description
Height in Plane
- assume that objects higher in our visual field are farther
Light and Shadow
- Help show orientation
Relative Size
- If objects are known to be the same size the smaller looking one is assumed to be farther
Textural Gradients
- when the gradient becomes finer it becomes farther
Proximity Luminance Covariance
- brighter=closer
Aerial Perspective
Less Defined = Further Away